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| the eight parts of speech in English |
VERBS
KINDS OF VERBS
1. REGULAR VERBS
Caused caused caused
Compared compared compared
Change changed changed
Charge charged charged
create created created
Desire Desired Desired
Die died died
Excuse excused excused
Face faced faced
Force forced forced
Hate hated hated
Hope hoped hoped
Imagine imagined imagined
Include included included
Liked liked liked
Love loved loved
Lie lied lied
Promise promised Promised
2. IRREGULAR VERBS
arise arose arisen
Awake awoke awoken
Be was been
Bear bore born
Become became become
Begin began begun
Bid bade/ bid bidden
Bind bound bound
Bite bit bitten
Bleed bled bled
Blow blew blown
Break broke broken
Bring brought brought
Broadcast broadcast broadcast
Build built built
Burn burned/burnt burnt/burned
Burst burst burst
Buy bought bought
Cast cast cast
3. NOUNS
KINDS OF NOUNS
1. PROPER NOUNS > George, James, Suleiman, London, Mogadishu, Lagos, Washington.
2. COMMONNOUNS > Teacher, town, country, man, person.
3. COLLECTIVE NOUNS >
a quiver of arrows
a range of mountains a ream of paper
a reel of film
a set of clubs a sheaf of grain
a shower of rain
a stack of wood
a string of pearls
a flight of birds
a crowd of people
an anthology of poems
a horde of savages a host of angels
a crowd of people
a gang of thieves
a bench of magistrates
a pride of lions
a school of whales
a body of men
a crew of sailors
a collection of coins
4. MATERIAL NOUNS
These are nouns that can be touched and seen like;
Milk, meat, gold, air, cloth, glass, wood, diamond, bucket, mattress, soil, neat, book, jerrican
5. PRONOUNS
these are words in used in place of a noun.
PRONOUNS: KINDS ( e.g she, he, it,you, they)
Pronouns are of four different kinds:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I
We
You
She
He
It
They
(a)Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun is a word such as ‘who’, ‘that’, or ‘which’ that is used to introduce a relative clause. It introduces a relative clause in a sentence
(b)DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Demonstrive Pronouns are used to refer to objects mentioned earlier or which are already present in the speaker's mind.
These are: this, that, these, those, such, one
(c) REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Reflexive pronouns are forms of personal pronouns.
They are: myself, ourselves, yourself. yourselves. himself
herself, itself, themselves, oneself.
6. ABSTRACT NOUNS
These are nouns that cannot be touched and seen like: happiness, care, love, laugh, poverty, honest,slavery, beauty
4. ADVERBS
There are:
1. adverb of manner
Quickly, badly, slowly, safely, loudly, suddenly, secretly, openly quietly, frankly, honestly etc.
2. adverb of time
late early
before soon
just daily
Immediately, lately, formerly, ago, after, presently, instantly, afterwards, yesterday.
3. adverb of place
Around Out
In Below
Behind Some
place Somewhere
Here There
Everywhere Nowhere
Northwards Eastwards
North Southeast
Northeast WestEast
Home Southwards
Westwards Backwards
Towards Forward
Nearby Miles apart
Up Down
Abroad Upstairs
Downstairs
4. adverb of frequency
Some other adverbs: rarely, thrice, twice, every Monday, usually, ever, regularly.
5. Adverb of duration
It tells us how long something happened, e.g
when, from, till, next, for, last, still, yet, already, coming, no more, any more, long, no longer, any longer, briefly, forever, shortly, permanently, temporarily etc.
6. Adverb of affirmation and negation
The word which declare that something is true or negative statement is called Adverbs of affirmation and negation.
Adverb of affirmation and negation are: no longer, hardly, very, never, surely, certainly, definitely, probably, really, clearly, exactly, truly, doubtlessly, obviously, almost, rarely, invalidly, contradictorily, scarcely etc.
5. PREPOSITIONS links a noun to another word
E.g to, at, after, on, butWe went to school on Monday.
Other examples are:
about before down
of since above
behind during off
than below for
through after beneath
from upon through
out against beside
in outside opposite
along between into
to amidst beyond
like till toward
around by inside
round towards until
without under underneath
6. CONJUNCTIONS words used to joins clauses or sentences or words e.g and, but, whenI like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats.
Other examples are:
till unless
though where
as until
wherever why
before because
how after
in order that
so that since
scarcely........when
though yet
as soon as
lest although
than if
whethere even if
as long as as much as
as though as Incase
no sooner....than
7. INTERJECTIONS
short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentenceoh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know
Hey! Hi!
Oh! Ow!
Ugh! Huh!
Uh-oh! Whoops!
8. ADJECTIVES
They show the quality of a thing or person.
A good boy A big fish.
Cool weather A steep hill.
A blouse Sweet grapes.
A round table A large house.
Long hair Better medicine.
A dishonest man A tall guy.